Monday, April 22, 2013

Pentagon chief stresses Israel's right to hit Iran

JERUSALEM (AP) ? U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel held out hope Sunday for a nonmilitary way to ending the threat of a nuclear-armed Iran, but he also emphasized Washington's willingness to let Israel decide whether and when it might strike Tehran in self-defense.

Hagel, on his first visit to Israel as Pentagon chief, seemed intent on burying the image that Republican critics painted of him as insufficiently supportive of the Jewish state. That portrayal was central to a failed campaign to derail Hagel's Senate confirmation in February.

In an interview with reporters on his flight from Washington, Hagel said the United States and Israel see "exactly the same" threat from Iran, which he described as a toxic combination of nuclear ambition and support for terrorism.

But he acknowledged differences on when it may reach the point of requiring U.S. or Israeli military action.

Hagel stressed repeatedly that Israel has a sovereign right to decide for itself whether it must attack Iran. He made no mention of the possibility that an Israeli attack would draw the U.S. into the conflict and lead to a wider regional war.

"Israel will make the decision that Israel must make to protect itself, to defend itself," Hagel said as he began a weeklong tour of the Middle East.

Also Sunday, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry was in Istanbul, where he urged Turkey to speed up and cement an American-brokered rapprochement with Israel. On a trip to Israel last month, President Barack Obama secured a pledge from Turkish and Israeli leaders to normalize ties that broke down after a 2010 Israeli raid on a Gaza-bound aid flotilla.

Hagel said international penalties are taking a heavy toll on Iran, though he said no one can be sure that economic coercion will compel Iran to change course.

Referring to sanctions and diplomacy, Hagel said, "these other tracks do have some time to continue to try to influence the outcome in Iran."

Hagel acknowledged that while Israel and the U.S. share a commitment to ensuring that Iran does not acquire a nuclear weapon, there "may well be some differences" between the two allies on the question of when Iran's leaders might decide to go for a bomb.

"When you back down into the specifics of the timing of when and if Iran decides to pursue a nuclear weapon, there may well be some differences," he said.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu tends to see more urgency, reflecting in part the fact that certain Iranian technological advances toward a nuclear weapon could put the program beyond the ability of the Israeli military to destroy it with airstrikes. U.S. forces have greater reach.

Hagel's first order of business upon arrival in Jerusalem was a guided tour of the Yad Vashem Holocaust history museum. He participated in a ceremony at the Hall of Remembrance and wrote an inscription in the guest book at a memorial for the 1.5 million Jewish children who perished in the Holocaust.

"There is no more poignant, more touching, more effective way to tell the story than this reality, as painful as it is, but it is a reality," he said after completing his visit. "It did happen, and we must prepare our future generations ... for a clear understanding that we must never allow this to happen again."

In his remarks while en route to Israel, Hagel repeatedly emphasized Israel's right of self-defense and stressed that military force ? by implication, Israeli or American ? remains an option of last resort.

"In dealing with Iran, every option must be on the table," he said.

During his two-day visit to Israel, Hagel was expected to further discuss a U.S. arms deal that would provide Israel with missiles for its fighter aircraft, plus KC-135 refueling planes that could be used in a long-range strike on a country such as Iran, as well as V-22 Osprey transport planes. He called the proposed sale a "very clear signal" to Iran.

"The bottom line is, Iran is a threat ? a real threat," he said.

Iran asserts that its nuclear program is designed entirely for nonmilitary purposes.

Yiftah Shapir, a military analyst at the Institute for National Security Studies think tank in Tel Aviv, said Hagel appeared eager to present a steady-as-she-goes attitude following his Senate confirmation battle.

"He's here to say, 'Folks, nothing has changed. We are still with you,'" Shapir said. "The goal is to deliver a relaxing message and to project business as usual."

Hagel suggested he holds hope that Iran's presidential election in June might change the trajectory of its nuclear drive.

After his talks in Israel, Hagel planned stops in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Each is an important American ally in the Middle East, and each is worried by Syria's civil war.

Saudi Arabia and the UAE are part of a $10 billion proposed U.S. arms sale that includes Israel. The UAE would get about 26 F-16 fighters and it and Saudi Arabia would get advanced air-launched missiles.

___

Associated Press writer Aron Heller contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pentagon-chief-stresses-israels-hit-iran-165507244--politics.html

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Pakistan government says it won't charge Musharraf

ISLAMABAD (AP) ? Pakistan's caretaker government told the Supreme Court on Monday it will not file treason charges against former military ruler Pervez Musharraf but will leave the decision on that to the winner of the upcoming election.

The petitions before the Supreme Court alleging Musharraf committed treason while in power constitute just one of several legal challenges he is facing following his recent return to Pakistan from self-imposed exile.

The former military strongman was placed under house arrest over the weekend in connection with a different case, which involves his decision to fire senior judges while in power.

Musharraf's detention was the latest in an array of setbacks he has faced since returning home last month with hopes of making a political comeback.

Lawyers have filed private petitions before the Supreme Court alleging Musharraf committed various treasonable offenses, including toppling a civilian government, suspending the constitution and declaring a state of emergency.

But according to Pakistan's constitution, the government is the only one with authority to file treason charges against Musharraf.

Attorney General Irfan Qadir submitted a statement to the Supreme Court on Monday, saying caretaker officials have decided not to file treason charges because it was not part of their mandate.

The caretaker government should avoid controversial matters that are not reversible by the winner of the May 11 parliamentary election, Qadir said. Instead, he added, caretaker officials are focused on routine matters, such as ensuring security for the upcoming election.

However, Law Minister Ahmer Bilal Soofi indicated that caretaker officials would not defy the Supreme Court if the judges ordered the government to act.

"At present all the focus, the attention is on the election arrangement," Soofi told reporters in Islamabad. "But we will be ready to proceed according to what the court asks us to do."

The interim government took over last month and will hold power until a new government is formed after the vote.

At this point, it's unclear how the next government will choose to proceed in the case of treason charges against Musharraf.

The front runner to become the next prime minister is Nawaz Sharif, who was toppled by Musharraf in a military coup when he was serving as premier in 1999.

Musharraf held power for nearly a decade until he was forced to step down in 2008 because of growing discontent with his rule. He returned despite Taliban death threats and an array of legal challenges.

But upon his homecoming, Musharraf encountered paltry levels of public support and was disqualified to run in the upcoming election because of his actions while in office.

Things got even worse last week, when Musharraf fled a court in the capital Islamabad to avoid arrest after a judge rejected his bail and ordered his detention. The arrest order was connected to Musharraf's decision in 2007 to dismiss senior judges, including the chief justice of the Supreme Court, apparently out of concern that they would challenge his re-election as president.

Musharraf was eventually placed under house arrest at his heavily guarded compound on the outskirts of Islamabad until the next hearing on May 4.

____

Associated Press writer Asif Shahzad contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-government-says-wont-charge-musharraf-103221867.html

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Wednesday, April 17, 2013

Stimulating the brain blunts cigarette craving

Apr. 16, 2013 ? Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths globally. Unfortunately smoking cessation is difficult, with more than 90% of attempts to quit resulting in relapse.

There are a growing number of available methods that can be tried in the effort to reduce smoking, including medications, behavioral therapies, hypnosis, and even acupuncture. All attempt to alter brain function or behavior in some way.

A new study published in Biological Psychiatry now reports that a single 15-minute session of high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the prefrontal cortex temporarily reduced cue-induced smoking craving in nicotine-dependent individuals.

Nicotine activates the dopamine system and reward-related regions in the brain. Nicotine withdrawal naturally results in decreased activity of these regions, which has been closely associated with craving, relapse, and continued nicotine consumption.

One of the critical reward-related regions is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which can be targeted using a brain stimulation technology called transcranial magnetic stimulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells. It does not require sedation or anesthesia and so patients remain awake, reclined in a chair, while treatment is administered through coils placed near the forehead.

Dr. Xingbao Li and colleagues at Medical University of South Carolina examined cravings triggered by smoking cues in 16 nicotine-dependent volunteers who received one session each of high frequency or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This design allowed the researchers to ferret out the effects of the real versus the sham stimulation, similar to how placebo pills are used in evaluating the effectiveness and safety of new medications.

They found that craving induced by smoking cues was reduced after participants received real stimulation. They also report that the reduction in cue-induced craving was positively correlated with level of nicotine dependence; in other words, the TMS-induced craving reductions were greater in those with higher levels of nicotine use.

Dr. John Krystal, Editor of Biological Psychiatry, commented, "One of the elegant aspects of this study is that it suggests that specific manipulations of particular brain circuits may help to protect smokers and possibly people with other addictions from relapsing."

"While this was only a temporary effect, it raises the possibility that repeated TMS sessions might ultimately be used to help smokers quit smoking. TMS as used in this study is safe and is already FDA approved for treating depression. This finding opens the way for further exploration of the use of brain stimulation techniques in smoking cessation treatment," said Li.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Elsevier, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Xingbao Li, Karen J. Hartwell, Max Owens, Todd LeMatty, Jeffrey J. Borckardt, Colleen A. Hanlon, Kathleen T. Brady, Mark S. George. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Nicotine Cue Craving. Biological Psychiatry, 2013; 73 (8): 714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.003

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/k4GvwOzAnaQ/130416085141.htm

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Nanaimo Arts | Entertainment, Concerts | Music | An Artful Evening

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Thursday, April 25th, 2013
7:00 PM to 9:00 PM

Featuring Jazz by the Olnyk/Dyck trio from the Wellington Secondary Band Program. The winners of the Spring Visual Art Showcase will be announced and art from the Showcase, Start With Art Nanaimo member Noel McLean, Nanaimo Traveller's Lodge Art Therapy Program participants and Nanaimo Arts Council Members will be on display. The winners of the Islands Short Fiction competition will be announced and Ashta Cormier of CHLY Radio Malaspina will be reading the winning entries. Multicultural goodies will be served and the entire event will be livestreamed by CHLY Radio Malaspina so you can watch it at tv.chly.ca if you can?t attend.

BC Arts and Culture Week is presented by ArtsBC and ArtStarts in Schools with the support of the Province of BC through the British Columbia Arts Council,

Source: http://www.harbourliving.ca/event/an-artful-evening185/2013-04-25/

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Tuesday, April 16, 2013

Cartel money laundering trial begins in Texas

FILE - In this June 12, 2012 file photo, FBI agents overlook a horse ranch under investigation in Lexington, Okla. Prosecutors in Texas say Jose Trevino Morales, a brother of two top leaders of Los Zetas, oversaw the purchase of hundreds of quarter horses at a ranch in Oklahoma. He's charged with conspiracy to launder drug money in a case with more than a dozen other defendants. Jury selection in the trial begins Monday, April 15, 2013, in Austin, Texas. (AP Photo/Brett Deering, File)

FILE - In this June 12, 2012 file photo, FBI agents overlook a horse ranch under investigation in Lexington, Okla. Prosecutors in Texas say Jose Trevino Morales, a brother of two top leaders of Los Zetas, oversaw the purchase of hundreds of quarter horses at a ranch in Oklahoma. He's charged with conspiracy to launder drug money in a case with more than a dozen other defendants. Jury selection in the trial begins Monday, April 15, 2013, in Austin, Texas. (AP Photo/Brett Deering, File)

FILE - In this Nov. 1, 2012 file photo, A Dash of Sweet Heat is led into the sales ring by an unnamed Heritage Place employee during the fall mixed sale in Oklahoma City. Prosecutors in Texas say Jose Trevino Morales, a brother of two top leaders of Los Zetas, oversaw the purchase of hundreds of quarter horses at a ranch in Oklahoma. He's charged with conspiracy to launder drug money in a case with more than a dozen other defendants. (AP Photo/Sue Ogrocki, File)

(AP) ? A multimillion-dollar horse racing and breeding operation run from an Oklahoma ranch was actually a front for a notorious Mexican cartel to launder millions of dollars in drug money, prosecutors alleged Tuesday at the beginning of a trial for five defendants charged in the scheme.

Jose Trevino Morales, the younger brother of the suspected leader of the Zetas drug cartel, is charged with money laundering conspiracy. His trial along with four co-defendants facing the same charge began Tuesday in Austin, Texas.

Prosecutor Douglas Gardner told jurors Tuesday that Trevino had been put in charge of the scheme by his brothers, who are alleged to be at the top of one of the biggest, most versatile and violent criminal organizations in the world. The scheme went through $16 million in horse-related expenses in 30 months, Gardner said.

Gardner painted a picture of a conspiracy in which horse owners, trainers and others crafted bank deposits to hide the true source of the operation's funding. He said they created companies that bought horses with the cartel's money and even fixed the outcome of horse races.

"The Zetas make money by drugs, extortion, bribery and send the money to the U.S. to buy racehorses," he said.

Gardner alleged Trevino, 46, ran the operation for his brothers ? Miguel Angel Trevino Morales and Oscar Omar Trevino Morales. He alleged a Mexican businessman, Francisco Antonio Colorado Cessa, bought horses for the Zetas through his oil services company, which authorities say was also a front for the drug cartel.

The three other defendants on trial? Fernando Solis Garcia, Eusevio Maldonado Huitron and his older brother Jesus Maldonado Huitron ? are accused of buying horses for the cartel or laundering money through personal accounts.

But David Finn, Morales' attorney, called his client a "legitimate horseman" who is being targeted by prosecutors due to his brothers' alleged crimes.

"This isn't some front," Finn said. "It's a legitimate, real business ... built on the sweat of my client and his wife."

Mario Cuellar, a government witness and former Zetas member, said he was responsible for funneling drug money from Mexico into the United States for buying horses. He described Miguel Angel Trevino Morales as an active participant who kept a listing of the horses' names and prices on his cellphone.

Jose Trevino Morales initially didn't want to get involved but eventually did in 2009 when he purchased a horse called "Tempting Dash," said Cuellar, who is serving a lengthy prison sentence on a drug charge.

Cuellar said Cessa would buy the horses in his name, then travel to Mexico to be reimbursed. Cessa, who owned a company in Mexico, and other horse buyers were often chosen because they had legitimate ways to come up with the money, Cuellar said.

"Horses were bought through people who could not be questioned about where the money came from, people who had big businesses," Cuellar said in Spanish through an interpreter.

Mike DeGeurin, Colorado's attorney, said his client's company in Mexico, ADT Petroservicios, has no ties to the Zetas. DeGeurin said Cessa invested some of his money in buying and breeding horses and that his client also runs a horse ranch in Mexico for use by autistic children.

Attorneys for Solis and Eusevio Maldonado Huitron told jurors their clients were hard-working, honest horse trainers and that there is no evidence they knew the horses they bought or trained allegedly belonged to the drug cartel. Jesus Maldonado Huitron's attorney said he would make his opening statement after the prosecution's case.

The first witness for prosecutors was Jose Garza, a former Texas state trooper and intelligence analyst with the FBI, who gave jurors a history lesson of the Zetas and how they operate.

The trial was expected to last several weeks.

Morales' wife and daughter have pleaded guilty to lesser charges.

The horse operation Morales ran from a sprawling ranch near Lexington, Okla., spent millions of dollars buying horses in California, New Mexico and Texas, prosecutors said.

Workers at the Ruidoso Downs Race Track and Casino in New Mexico said his stables were known as the "Zetas' stables," and some of his horses were named Number One Cartel and Mr. Ease Cartel.

Miguel Angel Trevino Morales, one of Jose's brothers, is believed to now be the leader of the Zetas cartel, which split off from the Gulf Cartel in 2010 and is known for its brutality ? beheading rivals and staging mass killings.

Miguel Angel Trevino Morales and Oscar Omar Trevino Morales are also charged in the scheme, though they remain at large.

___

Follow Juan A. Lozano at http://www.twitter.com/juanlozano70

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-04-16-Drug%20Raid-Horse%20Track-Trial/id-97a7c70d0b504ea0b4c7eeb0c4a2c6e5

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Update: Comet to make close flyby of Red Planet in October 2014

Apr. 15, 2013 ? New observations of comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) have allowed NASA's Near-Earth Object Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. to further refine the comet's orbit.

Based on data through April 7, 2013, the latest orbital plot places the comet's closest approach to Mars slightly closer than previous estimates, at about 68,000 miles (110,000 kilometers). At the same time, the new data set now significantly reduces the probability the comet will impact the Red Planet, from about 1 in 8,000 to about 1 in 120,000. The latest estimated time for close approach to Mars is about 11:51 a.m. PDT (18:51 UTC) on Oct. 19, 2014. At the time of closest approach, the comet will be on the sunward side of the planet.

Future observations of the comet are expected to refine the orbit further.

The most up-to-date close-approach data can be found at: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C%2F2013%20A1;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=1;rad=0#cad .

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/URZ8WIGvQ_I/130415123213.htm

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Dark matter detector reports hints of WIMPs

Three candidate signals in experiment hundreds of meters underground deemed very preliminary, and exciting

Three candidate signals in experiment hundreds of meters underground deemed very preliminary, and exciting

By Andrew Grant

Web edition: April 15, 2013

DENVER ? Ultracold crystals designed to catch particles of dark matter deep underground have come up with three potential detections, physicists reported April 13 at a meeting of the American Physical Society.

The researchers do not have enough evidence to say they have discovered dark matter particles, but the finding qualifies as a rare clue in the frustrating quest to understand the universe?s most elusive substance.

?We do not believe this result rises to the level of discovery,? said Kevin McCarthy, the MIT physicist who made the announcement. ?But it does call for further investigation.?

Dark matter has confounded scientists since the 1930s. A galaxy?s stars, gas and dust cannot account for all of its mass, so astronomers think that some sort of elusive matter that does not absorb or emit light must outweigh ordinary matter by more than 5 to 1. Because astronomers cannot actually see dark matter, they have no idea what it?s made of.

Theoretical physicists have put forth some ideas for particles that might constitute dark matter, including one called a weakly interacting massive particle, or WIMP. The hope is that even though dark matter doesn?t often interact with regular matter, WIMPs may do so occasionally.

The experiment that made the newly reported detections is designed to pick up the signal of a WIMP as Earth passes through the galaxy?s sea of dark matter. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search consists of a network of silicon and germanium crystals cooled to near absolute zero. It sits in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in Minnesota, a former iron mine more than 700 meters beneath the surface.

If WIMPs exist, one should very occasionally slam into the nucleus of a silicon or germanium atom, causing a release of energy and a detectable vibration in the crystal. The hundreds of meters of earth above the experiment prevent other particles, such as protons and neutrons, from reaching the crystals and triggering a false positive.

McCarthy reported that between July 2007 and September 2008, two of the experiment?s 11 silicon crystal detectors picked up three signals consistent with those expected from WIMP interactions. If the signals were caused by WIMPs, McCarthy estimates the dark matter particle would weigh in at about 10 times the mass of the proton, well below many theoretical estimates. The results also appear in a paper posted online April 15 at arXiv.org.

While the crystals? underground setup provides plenty of shielding, some non-WIMP particles, such as electrons on the crystals? surface, can cloud the results. The CDMS researchers say it?s extremely unlikely that three events would show up from non-WIMP sources.

But the energy released by the potential WIMPs is at the very lower limit of the detectors? sensitivity, warns Richard Gaitskell, a physicist at Brown University, making erroneous WIMP detections more likely. He also has concerns that the two crystals that picked up the signal could be more susceptible to false positives than the rest.

CDMS physicist Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano of MIT joins Gaitskell in remaining cautious about the new data. In 2009, CDMS published a paper reporting that its germanium detectors had snagged two potential WIMPs, but further analysis revealed them to be surface electrons. ?This is a very tough business,? he says. ?You can?t start jumping up and down.?

He would be more convinced if the detectors had picked up 10 or 12 signs of WIMPs, rather than just three. Even then, a definitive detection would require multiple experiments worldwide to converge on the same characteristics for a dark matter particle.

Many other experiments around the world are on the case. One in Italy called DAMA, short for Dark Matter, has made bold claims of dark matter detection that have drawn skepticism from many scientists. Other experiments have claimed to find signals at masses similar to this latest CDMS calculation but have not definitively said they have observed WIMPs.

?I?m more excited than I should be, but I can?t help it,? says Katherine Freese, a theoretical astrophysicist at the University of Michigan who happens to be attending a workshop in Ann Arbor on low-mass dark matter particles. ?Multiple experiments seeing something at the same mass is pretty exciting.?

The difficulty is that each experiment uses a different detection technique and has its own protocol for distinguishing WIMPs from background noise, making it hard to compare results.

?These are contentious times,? McCarthy says. ?Everyone is pushing their detectors to the limit.?

As for CDMS, the silicon detectors that found these signals are no longer collecting data. Researchers recently upgraded the Soudan facility with supersensitive germanium detectors. Over the next few years, the germanium detectors will move to a new, deeper underground home in Sudbury, Ontario, about 2 kilometers below the surface.

Source: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/349712/title/Dark_matter_detector_reports_hints_of_WIMPs

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